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As the functions of intelligent devices in the 5G era become more and more complex, the integration of chips and modules and the density of components increase dramatically, resulting in the continuous increase in power consumption and heating density of devices. Therefore, new heat-conducting materials have become an important research topic.Liquid metal thermal interface materials have become popular because of their high thermal conductivity, good wettability, stability, and wide applicability of materials that can fully fill the void of the contact surface under low installation pressure.Liquid metal forming process and control, hydraulic characteristics and flow conditions of liquid metal filling process filling process has a great impact on the casting quality and may cause a variety of defects, such as cold insulation, inadequate pouring, inclusion, porosity, sand inclusion, sand adhesion and other defects, are generated in the case of unfavorable liquid metal filling.It is very important to design the pouring system to make the liquid metal fill the mold cavity smoothly and reasonably.Only mercury is a liquid metal, while gallium, rubidium and cesium are low-melting metals. In the field of electronics, liquid metal can be used as ink for 3D printing to directly generate electronic circuits. Compared with traditional metal, its printing temperature and equipment cost are greatly reduced, and manufacturing time is shortened, which can realize personalized customization.In medicine, liquid metals have good biocompatibility with the body and can be used to connect electrical signals to repair broken nerves.In the mechanical field, compared with traditional polymer materials, liquid metal is self-driven, deformable, and able to run and jump, providing a path for the development of flexible robots.In terms of heat dissipation of high power density devices, the heat transfer performance of liquid metal is obviously better than that of conventional working media such as water.At a low flow rate, the device surface temperature can be kept low, suitable for cooling products and cooling solutions in the cooling field and market areas with cooling needs.
The economic loss caused by liquid metal corrosion to China's metallurgical industry is very serious, and there is also a potential threat to the normal operation of nuclear power stations. Thermal spraying technology has more than 80 years of development history, its application fields are very wide. The technology has been successfully applied in anti-corrosion, which has extended the service life of the workpiece, reduced the generation cost of the enterprise and the maintenance cost of the equipment, and played an indispensable role in the development of national economy.In the field of liquid metal corrosion resistance, China has done a lot of long-term and research work, especially in the metallurgical industry components (including large cold and hot rollers), from equipment materials and processes, have entered the engineering application stage, and achieved significant technical and economic benefits. In recent years with the development of thermal spraying technology and related materials, process and improve, this technology is also referenced to corrosion resistance to molten metal engineering, domestic related units and some colleges also did a lot of work, such as in material aspect, has successfully developed the can be used in corrosion resistance to molten metal to 3 oxidation 2 aluminium (Al2O3) as the main products of oxidation ceramic series thermal spraying powder materials, some units also have copied out of the plasma, supersonic thermal spray equipment and plasma equipment, the supersonic electric arc, basic comparable to similar foreign products in performance.Want to know more about liquid metal corrosion?-> Liquid metal corrosion methods and mechanisms
Liquid metal filling process is the first stage of casting formation in which many defects of the casting are formed.This process must be mastered and controlled in order to obtain high quality sound castings.To this end, the ability of liquid metal to fill the mold is studied in order to obtain a fully formed, well-defined casting to prevent defects in the mold filling phase.The ability of a liquid alloy to fill the mold cavity to form a well-defined, well-formed, high-quality casting is called the fluidity of the liquid alloy and the filling capacity.The better the fluidity of the liquid alloy, the easier it is to cast clear, thin and complicated shapes, and the more the liquid alloy can be supplemented when it contracts in the mold, the more the gas and non-metallic inclusions in the liquid alloy can float up and get rid of.If the fluidity is not good, it is easy to cause casting to produce defects such as under casting, cold isolation, porosity, slag inclusion and shrinkage.Liquid metal filling casting is a complex physical, chemical and hydrodynamic problem, which involves various properties of liquid metal, such as density, viscosity, surface tension, oxidization, oxide properties and wettability.The size of filling capacity affects the forming of casting, and the alloy with poor filling capacity is difficult to obtain large, thin - walled, sound casting with complex structure. The factors that affect mold filling function through two ways: one is to influence the heat exchange condition between the metal and the mold, thus changing the flow time of the liquid metal; The other is to influence the hydraulic conditions of the liquid metal in the casting, so as to change the flow rate of the liquid metal.
Liquid metal is also named as the amorphous alloy, metallic glass, it is a condensed state that atoms arranged the crystal in random order when the metal freezing rapidly, and keep the atoms in liquid form at room or low temperatures. The structure of amorphous atoms make the liquid metal atoms have many unique performances, such as excellently corrosion resistance, abrasiveresistance, and high strength, high hardness, etc.Most of Metal(1) Aluminum, the metal element with the highest content in the earthcrust(2)Iron, the metal element with the world's highest annual production currently(3)Calcium, the metal element with the highest content in human body (4)Silver, the metal element with the best conductor of electricity and heat(5)Chromium, the metal element with the hardest(6)Cesium, the metal element with the most lively(7)Tungsten, the metal element with the highest melting point(8)Mercury, the metal element with the lowest melting point(9)Osmium, the metal element with densest(10)Cone, the metal element with the least dense(11)Gold, the metal element with the best malleability(12) Platinum, the metal element with the best ductility (13)Uranium, the metal element with the largest reserves in the seaCrystal structure and physical properties of metals The metal substance of forming by metallic elements. In a solid state, it's all metallic crystals.Physical properties of metalsThere is electrical property between metal ions and free electrons in the metal crystal, the function has difference between power and weakness. Normally, the more valence electrons, the smaller the atomic radius and the stronger the effect. Its melting and boiling point is relatively high, density and hardness is also better. Chemical properties of common metalsThe characterize of metal’s chemical properties is that they are easy to lose electrons in their outermost layers and display the reductibility, which is related to their atomic structure.Oxide of MetalConception: A kind of binary compound that consist of oxygen and metalGalliumGallium is a very magical liquid metal element, it has low melting point high boiling point, just the temperature of the palm can make it melt. Gallium is also known as the "backbone of the electronics industry". Many compounds of gallium are superior semiconductor materials, which are widely used in the photoelectron industry and microwave communication industry, the most famous is the galliumnitride blue LED, which won the 2014 Nobel Prize in physics.Galliumarsenideis used to the manufacture of solar cells and make contribution to the sustainable use of energy.IndiumIndium is a silver-white with light blue, it is very soft and can be scratched with fingernails.Indium has powerful plasticity and malleability, it can be pressed into sheets.The metal indium is mainly used to make materials of low-meltingalloy, bearing alloy and semiconductor etc.Indium is avirulent but should be avoided in contact with skin and ingested.Tin A metallic element having a silvery white luster and a low melting point, It's divalent or tetravalent in the compound and will not be oxidized by air. It occurs mainly in the form of oxides (cassiterite) and various sulfides (Such as sulfur cassiterite ).Gallium Indium Tin Alloy Low-melting point alloy，it means the fusible alloy that melting point is lower than 232℃(the melting point of Sn); It is usually composed of Bi, Sn, Pb, In and other low-melting metallic elements. Low-melting alloys are widely used to the solders. And other fuses wire, fuseprotector etc. thermosensitive components in electrical appliances, steam, fire control, fire alarm and other devices.Liquid metalThe Liquid Metal is made of 100% metal material and is liquid form atroom temperature. It has greater thermal conductivity than that of traditional thermal conductive materials, and has excellent heat dissipation performance. With remarkable stability and reliability, it is very good to used in the field of CPU/GPU cooling, high temperature and heat flow, and is a great substitute of Silicone Grease. In addition to the high thermal conductivity of all metals, those in the liquid form will also exhibit low interfacial resistance ensuring that they can dissipate heat quickly. Meanwhile, it is compatible with copper and stainless steel without emitting organic substance.Nowlet'stalkabouttheadvantagesofliquidmetalsthathavebeenpopularrecentlyComparedwithtraditionalmetals,theadvantagesofliquidmetalsarereflectedinthreeaspects:property,processandcost:1.Property,liquidmetalisknownasthehardestlightalloy,andithasoutstandingperformanceinRadiatingcapabilityandElectromagneticshielding.2.Process,liquidmetalcanbeinjectionmolded,pressurecastedandotherprocessestoobtaintheidealshape,duetoitiscooledbyamorphousstate,theshrinkageisverysmall.Partsmadeofliquidmetalhaveveryhighdimensionalaccuracy.3.Cost,liquidmetalisacleaningmaterials,thematerialsandproductofprocesshasnotoxicandsideeffectandfewimpactontheenvironment.Andliquidmetalproductsarebasicallyaone-timemolding,savealotofpost-processing,isakindofgreenmaterials.
TIM-PASTE-I, TIM-PASTE-Pro, TIM-PASTE-Ultra are liquid metal thermal compound based on eutectic alloy. It is a viscous thermal grease with 100% metal content. The thermal conductivity is above 20w/mk. It has very good adhesion and high temperature resistance. It is non-flowing, non-volatile and non-oxidizing can work very well even under high temperature environment. It is an ideal alternative to silicone grease. It can also be used for IGBT and large LED cooling, power battery cooling, CPU / GPU cooling, and can maintain high thermal conductivity and safety for a long time.TIM-PASTE produced by Sinoma Shengte is an environmentally friendly product that complies with the European Union's ROHS standards. It can be used in conduction systems, heat conduction cooling, thermal design, temperature adjustment devices, flexible printed circuit boards, switches, barometers, etc. Liquid metal can also be directly applied between the CPU / GPU and the heat sink, as a sufficient filling material for the contact surface, which plays a role of rapid cooling.Liquid metal, whether you apply it in paste or solid form. It will become liquid at high temperature and condense to solid at low temperature (it will not work after shutdown).It should be noted that when applying to the CPU, do not spill liquid metal on the motherboard. Liquid metal designed by Sinoma Shengte is very suitable for application and is equipped with cleaning materials to ensure that you can protect yourself during the application process. CPU. Welcome to visit our website or contact ourengineers to communicate any technical problems you may encounter during use.
Room-temperature galliumliquid metalalloyshave drawn increasing research interests recently. These alloys not only can flow easily, but also can be shaped to some extent. They own all useful properties of other solid/molten metals such as high thermal conductivity, high electrical conductivity, inherently high density, and low vapor pressure, while being non-toxic, unlike mercury. Two important gallium-based alloys are GaInSn and EGaIn. GaInSn or galinstan is a eutectic alloy composed of 68%wtgallium, 22%wt ofindium, and 10%wt of tin. EGaIn is a similar eutectic composition of 75.5%wt of gallium and 24.5%wt of indium. Demonstrating superior performances in various aspects, gallium-based liquid metals have been explored for many novel applications, such as microfluidics devices, stretchable electronics, reconfigurable devices, electronics cooling, vacuum pumping, and painted conductive electrodes in liquid droplet actuation. However, there are also some challenges in working with these liquid metals. When exposed to air, an oxide layer quickly forms on the surface of liquid metals, which is undesirable in some applications. That said, this oxide layer is not always problematic, since it can also help stabilize the liquid mechanically. One of the leading research groups working on room-temperature liquid metals, discussed numerous emerging capabilities, and applications of gallium-based liquid metal devices enabled by the native oxide layer. One advantage provided by oxide layer is that it facilitates manipulation of gallium-based liquid metals.
Direct printing extrudes a liquid metal through a dispensing tip, usually a syringe needle, onto a target substrate in close proximity. In general, the dispensing tip or the substrate is attached to motorized stages that can move as programmed. In contrast to lithography-assisted patterning, the direct printing does not require any preparation effort in cleanroom. One simple way of liquid metal direct printing is the liquid metal roller-ball pen method. Patterning using pen employs a ball pen filled with EGaIn ink. In general, the ball diameter ranges from 200 to 1000 um, thus the pen method is well suited to pattern liquid metal with relatively large line widths. It is also possible to print by immersing a microtip in EGaIn and then patterning EGaIn on the substrate point-by-point fashion. When small dots are created with their spacings smaller than their diameters, they merge and form patterns. In a more advanced platform, liquid metal printing is performed using a motorized XY-stage and a syringe pump. While this advanced direct printing is more efficient than the pen or the microtip methods, the resulting patterns exhibit undulation due to the pulsation in the syringe pump. To remove the undulation, the syringe pump has been replaced with a pneumatic pressure source and an electronic pressure regulator. It is also important to maintain the distance between the tip and the substrate to obtain a uniform liquid metal pattern. To this end, the distance feedback control is first demonstrated with a motorized XYZ-stage to print linear patterns along one direction on elastomeric substrates. With the aid of the nozzle tip-substrate distance control, EGaIn can be patterned reliably even the patterning substrate is locally irregular. Later, the same concept is extended to enable piece-wise linear patterns with sharp corners on top of various uneven surfaces. This new system is constructed using a motorized XYZ-stage, a motorized rotation stage, and a laser displacement sensor along with an electronic pressure regulator. The added rotation degree-of-freedom enables continuous EGaIn patterns even when the patterning direction is changed. The rotation stage can steer the laser displacement sensor and make it always precede the patterning nozzle. Therefore, arbitrary piece-wise linear patterns can be printed on inclined or curved substrates.
Liquid metal may look like nothing more than a small ball of metal, but it will have shape-shifting and self-propulsion abilities.The device is made from a drop of metal alloy consisting mostly of gallium, which is a liquid at just under 30 degrees Celsius. Last year they discovered that an applied electrical current causes the gallium alloy to drastically alter its shape. Changing the voltage applied to the metal allowed it to 'shape-shift' into different formations. When the current was switched off, the metal returned to its original drop shape. The machine has two processes. One is to create gases like hydrogen. Part of these gases form the propulsion. There's also something important, in fact very important, which is the electricity generated behind the alloy. So this galvanic battery creates an internal electrical power, and this type of electricity will very easily lead to stretching of the surface of the liquid metal in an asymmetrical pattern, and this pattern leads to rotations inside the liquid metal, and the process of these rotations will set the liquid metal in motion in a certain direction.
The atomic structure is the most striking characteristic of the Liquidmetal alloys as it fundamentally differentiates Liquidmetal alloys from ordinary metals.The atomic structure of ordinary or conventional metals and alloys is periodic, where the layout of atomic elements shows repeating patterns over an extended range. This atomic structure is called "crystalline" and limits the overall performance of conventional metals.Liquidmetal alloys possess an "amorphous" atomic structure, which is truly unique. By contrast to the crystalline structure, no discernable patterns exist in the atomic structure of the unique Liquidmetal alloys. As such, properties superior to the limits of conventional metals can be achieved.Properties of Liquid metalThis amorphous atomic structure leads to a unique set of characteristic properties for the family of Liquidmetal alloys.These characteristic properties are:• High Yield Strength• High Hardness• Superior Strength/Weight Ratio• Superior Elastic Limit• High Corrosion Resistance• High Wear-Resistance• Unique Acoustical Properties One of the direct results of the unique atomic structure of Liquidmetal alloys is very high yield strength, which approaches the theoretical limit and far exceeds the strength currently available in crystalline metals and alloys.
Metals are excellent choices for electrical and thermal-current conducting. However, either the stiffness of solid metals or the fluidity of liquid metals could be troublesome when flexibility and formability are both desired. To address this problem, a reliable two-stage route to improve the functionalities of gallium-based liquid metals is proposed. A series of stablesemiliquid/semisolid gallium-based liquid metal amalgams with well-controlled particle packing ratios. Through effectively packing the liquid metal with copper particles (which are found to turn into intermetallic compound, CuGa2, after dispersing), remarkable enhancements in electrical conductivity (6 × 106 S m–1, ∼80% increase) and thermal conductivity (50 W m–1 K–1, ∼100% increase) are obtained, making the CuGa2 stand out from current conductive soft materials. The CuGa2 also exhibit appealing semiliquid/semisolid mechanical behaviors such as excellent adhesion, tunable formability, and self-healing ability. As a class of highly conductive yet editable metallic mixtures, the CuGa2 demonstrate potential applications in fields like printed and/or flexible electronics and thermal interface materials, as well as other circumstances where the flexibility and conductivity of interfaces and connections are crucial.
